Gestational Diabetes Symptoms - Facts Every Pregnant Woman Should Know

Gestational diabetes means that the diabetes is diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes occurs in about three percent of all pregnancies.

Gestational diabetes is diagnosed using a three hour glucose tolerance test. If the glucose levels exceed any two of the upper limits of normal, the diagnosis is made. Rarely are the glucose levels elevated enough to harm the mother. the problem is that the mother's blood glucose flows freely into the growing fetus's blood. The fetus, in turn, releases insulin from its own pancreas to lower its own levels of glucose. This forces glucose into the fetus's tissues, causing it to become large for its gestational age and resulting in a difficult labor and delivery.

The increase in glucose appears to be due to a lack of insulin release or a resistance to insulin's action that was present in the mother before becoming pregnant. During pregnancy, the placenta releases high amounts of hormones that further decreases the effectiveness of the mother's insulin. This causes her blood glucose levels to increase. Since the placenta grows as the pregnancy progresses and continues to put out more and more hormones, the mother's insulin resistance increases and glucose levels rise higher, right up to the time of delivery. With the delivery of the baby and the removal of the placenta, however, the glucose level promptly return to normal in up to 97 percent of these women.

By making modifications in their diets and increasing their activity levels, many women are able to control the rising glucose levels during their pregnancies. For some, however, the insulin resistance is too great. These women require the use of insulin, generally prior to all meals and before going to bed, to keep glucose levels within a healthy range for the baby. New studies now underway are looking at the use of pills instead of insulin to control the glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes, but results are not yet in.

Gestational diabetes is often viewed as a window into the future. Women who have had gestational diabetes have a significantly higher chance of developing diabetes sometime in the future, at a general rate of about three percent each year. A few studies have shown that weight control and increased physical activity may lessen the chance for future diabetes by 50 percent. There are even studies currently underway to evaluate the ability of some of the new diabetes pills to prevent future diabetes in women who have had gestational diabetes.

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